Friday, 4 April 2014
Vehicular Ad- hoc Networks (VANETs) The technology...
As the name of title specify some thing that is related to vehicle, VANET is about creating an ad-hoc network (network that covers a specific area) that is not created to automate vehicle. It is actually created to facilitate drivers and make them to take some intelligent decisions on run-time. This technology help drivers about traffic conditions, instant road updates, access to internet, GPS and message forwarding to alert other drivers and ask them for help..
Tuesday, 1 April 2014
Qubit States & Form Factors
Classical computer processes some definite input state
according to its program to produce the corresponding output. But the input
state of a quantum computer could be a superposition of many different
classical inputs and consequently the quantum computer would process this state
to produce a superposition of outputs.
In Quantum computer, the qubits must maintain a coherent superposition
of states and this superposition must be maintained throughout the calculation,
producing massive parallelism on many numbers in one execution. Once the
calculation has finished, the answer must be obtained. The series of
measurements gives their probability distribution from which the desired answer
can be calculated.
The atoms to be quantum superposition of each other can
increase the number of states.
As quantum computers use atoms or subatomic particles as
qubits in order to represent bits of information. The nucleus of an atom can
act like a tiny magnet, and depending on which way its magnetic field is
oriented, it represents a I or a 0.
Energy from the environment can disturb the qubits, causing
them to decohere. The longer a qubit remains coherent, the more operations a
quantum computer can carry out.
So, there are two form factors of Quantum effecting the
quantum information processing, time coherence and processing speed. They are
Nuclei State Quantum Bit and the other one is Electronic State Quantum Bit.
Form factors (accounting for the qubit structure), and
calculate times of coherence. It is found that the nuclei states last longer
than their electronic counterpart. Which means Nuclei State Quantum Bit is more
stable than Electronic State Quantum Bit. However, this stability of nuclei qubits
limits the speed at which the computer can carry out instructions and process
the information. Electronic State Quantum Bit carries out instruction
processing faster than Nuclei State Quantum Bit.
Wednesday, 26 March 2014
Cloud computing
when we discuss or consider cloud computing we get to know its
numerous advantages in the field of computing mainly being scalability ,
useability , green computing and resource sharing . But my reading of on
aspect of cloud computing have shown me that its still a technology which still
needs a a lot of consideration before it becomes a real trustworthy source of
computing .
I say this because the disadvantages which are encountered with clouding are the reasons of it not being accepted by users on a bigger scale some of them being privacy and security , data allocation , architectural flaws , DDos and many other flaws . These kinds of led downs in cloud technology have earned it an insecure repute among users . Of Corse the work and healthy research is being done to overcome such challenges by organizations like NIST , IBM,IEEE e.t.c to make it secure and effective to some extent possible . But my personal opinion of cloud computing id that its still too early for this immature technology to be out there for application . There is always room for improvement so is the case with cloud computing . I am hopeful that research work put forward to overcome these defects will be overcame soon and people would feel as reliable of cloud computing as they feel of there desktop computing .
I say this because the disadvantages which are encountered with clouding are the reasons of it not being accepted by users on a bigger scale some of them being privacy and security , data allocation , architectural flaws , DDos and many other flaws . These kinds of led downs in cloud technology have earned it an insecure repute among users . Of Corse the work and healthy research is being done to overcome such challenges by organizations like NIST , IBM,IEEE e.t.c to make it secure and effective to some extent possible . But my personal opinion of cloud computing id that its still too early for this immature technology to be out there for application . There is always room for improvement so is the case with cloud computing . I am hopeful that research work put forward to overcome these defects will be overcame soon and people would feel as reliable of cloud computing as they feel of there desktop computing .
Tuesday, 25 March 2014
Cloud Computing (A general Idea)
With
the advent internet in the 1990s to the present day facilities of ubiquitous
computing, the internet has changed the computing world in a drastic way. It
has travelled from the concept of parallel computing to distribute computing to
grid computing and recently to cloud computing. Although the idea of cloud
computing has been around for quite some time, it is an emerging field of
computer science. Cloud computing can be defined as a computing environment
where computing needs by one party can be outsourced to another party and when
need be arise to use the computing power or resources like database or emails, they
can access them via internet. Cloud computing is a recent trend in IT that
moves computing and data away from desktop and portable PCs into large data centres. The main advantage of cloud computing is that customers do not have to
pay for infrastructure, its installation, required man power to handle such
infrastructure and maintenance. In this paper we will discuss what makes all
this possible, what is the architectural design of cloud computing and its
applications.
Cloud Data Security
The cloud computing is a new computing model which
comes from grid computing, distributed computing, parallel computing, virtualization
technology, utility computing and other computer technologies and it has more
advantage characters such as large scale computation and data storage,
virtualization, high expansibility, high reliability and low price service. The
security problem of cloud computing is very important and it can prevent the
rapid development of cloud computing. This paper introduces some cloud
computing systems and analyses cloud computing security problem and its
strategy according to the cloud computing concepts and characters. The data
privacy and service availability in cloud computing are the key security
problem. Single security method cannot solve the cloud computing security
problem and many traditional and new technologies and strategies must be used
together for protecting the total cloud computing system.
Few proposed techniques for data safety are:
1. Data Encryption:
Data
can be encrypted before storing in cloud storage and then again decrypted while
retrieving but if the data is huge this method proves to be very slow and time
consuming
2. Customer Right:
Customers should
have the right of the supervision and audit of cloud computing services in
order to fully ensure the security of customer data
3. Virus Protection:
3. Virus Protection:
The communication of
worms, virus and Trojan in cloud computing platform within the network of
internal and external must be controlled. Malicious programs must be isolated
promptly. Damage to the system must be repaired immediately.
Computation Involve in Quantum Computing
When we talk about classical computers and computing we also
talk about bits, logic gates, different registers, integrated circuits, microprocessors
and computational algorithm. The same is in Quantum computing where Quantum Bit,
Quantum Gates, Quantum Registers, Quantum Circuits, Quantum Bit Simulators and
Quantum Algorithms are present.
When it comes to
quantum computing it is said that “a process that incorporates interacting
physical systems that represent qubits and quantum gates.” The Qubit is
described as a vector in a two dimensional Hilbert space that hold quantum
information and Quantum Register is comprises of number of qubit as a vector in
multidimensional Hilbert space. Quantum gates are Hilbert space operators that rotate
the qubit or quantum register vectors to change their state. Quantum Computer Simulator based on the circuit model of quantum computation. In this model
quantum computations and quantum algorithms are represented by circuits, which
comprise quantum gates and quantum registers.
Quantum computations are modeled and described using a
circuit model. In the circuit model of quantum computation the input is the
initial state of the qubits that form a quantum register and the computation is
broken down in successive steps in which quantum gates act on the state of the
quantum register. The output of the
circuit, i.e. the result of the computation, is the probability of measuring
each one of the possible quantum register basis states and the phase of each
state at each computation step. So, a sequence of computation steps is executed
and at the end the final state of the quantum register, which is the
computation result, is measured.
From Classical to Quantum Computing
With the invention of the computers, it was possible to do
information processing outside the brains of the humans. The architecture of
computers has seen a major face-lift by undergoing a transition from vacuum tubes,
transistors to today’s ultra-fast supercomputers. This has resulted in smaller
faster and cost-effective computing machines. Thousands of logic gates and
other digital circuits are squeezed onto the surface of a small silicon chip.
The size of microchip components will be on the scale of
molecules and atoms such that quantum physical effects will dominate, hence
irrevocably require effective means of quantum computation. It is known that
quantum computing based on quantum physics can simulate classical computing.
The advancement in technology has now led to the design of a
radically new computer architecture based on the quantum properties of an atom.
This has led to the consideration of a non-Boolean approach toward computing
based on the complex states of quantum matter. The advantages obtained by
considering the computations at the atom level are much more than the
contemporaries.
Quantum computing is a potential solution to this problem.
This paradigm of computing seeks to directly exploit quantum mechanical
phenomena to perform calculations or in some way boost computational efficiency.
Some problems can theoretically be solved on a quantum computer exponentially
faster than on a classical computer because it supports parallelism unlike
classical computer. The concept of parallelism is the key major difference
between Quantum computing and classical computing.
There is a quantum analogue to the bit, the qubit. The qubit
is represented mathematically as a two-dimensional vector. Unlike its classical
counterpart, the qubit is not limited to only two values. In fact, it can
occupy an infinity of states between “0” and “1”. The quantum “0” and “1” states
are represented as vector and the state of any qubit will be some superposition
of these two basis vectors. State after superposition will be between 0 and 1.
The new architecture based on the quantum properties of atom will be smaller in size and much faster in speed.
The new architecture based on the quantum properties of atom will be smaller in size and much faster in speed.
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