Qubit States & Form Factors

Classical computer processes some definite input state according to its program to produce the corresponding output. But the input state of a quantum computer could be a superposition of many different classical inputs and consequently the quantum computer would process this state to produce a superposition of outputs.

In Quantum computer, the qubits must maintain a coherent superposition of states and this superposition must be maintained throughout the calculation, producing massive parallelism on many numbers in one execution. Once the calculation has finished, the answer must be obtained. The series of measurements gives their probability distribution from which the desired answer can be calculated.

The atoms to be quantum superposition of each other can increase the number of states.

As quantum computers use atoms or subatomic particles as qubits in order to represent bits of information. The nucleus of an atom can act like a tiny magnet, and depending on which way its magnetic field is oriented, it represents a I or a 0.

Energy from the environment can disturb the qubits, causing them to decohere. The longer a qubit remains coherent, the more operations a quantum computer can carry out.

So, there are two form factors of Quantum effecting the quantum information processing, time coherence and processing speed. They are Nuclei State Quantum Bit and the other one is Electronic State Quantum Bit.

Form factors (accounting for the qubit structure), and calculate times of coherence. It is found that the nuclei states last longer than their electronic counterpart. Which means Nuclei State Quantum Bit is more stable than Electronic State Quantum Bit.  However, this stability of nuclei qubits limits the speed at which the computer can carry out instructions and process the information. Electronic State Quantum Bit carries out instruction processing faster than Nuclei State Quantum Bit.